The evolving definition of civilization

The latest episode of Embracing Cultures explores the evolving definition of "civilization," shifting away from rigid historical categories toward a more inclusive and appreciative perspective.

Both guests argue that there is no universal criteria for what defines a civilization; instead, they suggest that because every civilization is unique, a fixed standard is unnecessary. Gao further emphasizes that while the development of writing is a common marker of civilizational growth, it is not an indispensable requirement, as evidenced by great empires that flourished without it.