The complex encompasses imperial palaces and gardens, imperial sacrificial buildings, ancient city management facilities, national ceremonial and public buildings, and central axis roads remains.
According to Lyu Zhou, director of the National Heritage Center at Tsinghua University, this paradigm of city planning traces back to Kaogongji (Book of Diverse Crafts), written before 221 BCE, which outlines the rituals and order in the planning of a capital city.