GreenScreen Walls

Thescreen wall, called yingbi or zhaobi in Chinese, can be made of any kind of material -- brick, wood, stone or glazed tile. It is a kind of isolated wall, located either outside or just inside the gate of a traditional Chinese home used to shield the inner quarters.

The yingbi dates back at least to the WesternZhou Dynasty(11th century BC-771BC). Archaeologists have discovered the remains of a screen wall in recent years in tombs from the period inShaanxi Province. The wall measures 240 cm in length and is 20 cm high. This is the earliest known wall of its kind in China at the time of writing.

In ancient times, the yingbi was a symbol of rank. According to the Western Zhou system of rites, only royal palaces, noblemen's mansions and religioustemples had screen walls. Apart from keeping passersby from peeping into the courtyard, the screen wall was also used by a visitor to tidy up his dress before going in. It was not until much later that private houses (mainly bungalow quadrangles in northern parts of the country) began to have screen walls.

the nine dragon wall in Shanxi Province

The most exquisite of all ancient screen walls are the three "nine-dragonwalls" constructed of glazed colored tiles. The largest of these, 45.5m by 8m by 2.02m, is now inDatong,Shanxi Province. It originally stood in front of the princely mansion of the 13th son ofZhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of theMing Dynasty(1368-1644). Sculpted in seven different colors are nine dragons in the clouds. The most splendid of the three is the one belonging to a palace of the Ming Dynasty, which now stands north of the lake inBeijing'sBeihai Park. It is a mosaic of glazed colored tiles displaying a relief of nine coiled dragons on each side. One can count the 635 smaller dragons along the ridges androoftiles of the wall. The third wall stands opposite of the Huangjimen Gate in theForbidden City; it is very well known to sightseers. All of the three walls were built during the Ming Dynasty and used to stand in front of the entrance to a courtyard - becoming an integral part of the architectural complex and adding to the magnificence of the buildings.