Wang Xizhi (303-361, or 321-379), also named Wang Yishao, was a native of today's Linyi ofShandong Province. He served as a general and an imperial officer in the Jin Dynasty, hence his another name - Wang Youjun. A famous calligrapher of theEastern Jin Dynastyand the greatest of all time, Wang is still honored as thecalligraphysage generations later.
Wang was born in a family of calligraphy, whose uncles and cousins were all famous calligraphers of their time. At the age of seven, Wang began a systematic study of calligraphy under a woman calligrapher - Wei Shuo. He kept copying the Wei-style calligraphy for five years and learned much from the work of previous calligraphers, including Zhong Yao'sKaishu, Zhang Zhi'sCaoshuand that of Li Si and CaiYong.
In order to practice calligraphy, wherever he went, he would try to find out the styles of previous dynasties and copy them, accumulating large amounts of calligraphic materials. There werewriting brushes, ink sticks,papers and ink stones in his study, courtyard, gate way and even outside the toilet. Whenever he hit upon a good-
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Lan Ting Xu
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structured character, he would write it down immediately.
Some people have described his calligraphy as "thedragonjumping over the heavenly gate and thetigerlying in the watchtower of the phoenix." Wang's calligraphy has a quiet beauty. Compared with Zhong Yao's handwriting, Wang's calligraphy is less influenced bylishu. He wrote with more fluidity and grandeur.
Though his style has survived to this day, original examples of Wang Xizhi's handwriting are rarely seen today. Most of the works we can see now are rubbed copies of his works by others. Wang Xizhi was good at many types of calligraphy but thexingshu-styleLan Ting Xu (Preface to the Literary Gathering at the OrchidPavilion)is the most representative of his works.
There is a story behind this work. In 353, Wang Xizhi invited 41 guests to join him at the Orchid Pavilion by a small, meandering stream for the purification rites of spring. Each guest was asked to compose a poem. The poems were collected, and Wang himself wrote the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection in his trademark calligraphic style -- xingshu, a 324-character text in 28 lines, recording the happy gathering of intellectuals.
Wang's calligraphy ability was brought into full play during the gathering. The Song Dynasty scholar Mi Fu called the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection the world's best work in xingshu style. It is said that Emperor Taizong of theTang Dynasty(618-907) treasured the work and had it buried in his tomb. Therefore, what we see now are only copies by others of this magnificent work.
Author；Jessie
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