In the early days, this form of aria was called Changxiaoqu (small tunes). It also had other names according to whether the performer uses aYueqin(a four-stringed plucked instrument with a full-moon-shaped sound box) or aPipa(flute) as accompaniment. Since the 1950s, SichuanQingyin(arias sung without makeup or musical accompaniment) has been formally used as the proper term to designate arias sung in the Sichuan dialect. These are popular in cities and rural areas around Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, as well as on the wharves and in the port cities along the Yangtze River.

SichuanQingyindeveloped from popular songs and ditties of the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties as well as from Sichuan folk songs. Rich in melodies, there are over 100 items in the repertoire. The composition of vocal music is divided intoQupaiandBanqiang.The traditional way of singing SichuanQingyinis for the performer to sit at a table, facing the audience. The singer is usually a woman, and she is flanked by aYueqinorPipaplayer on the left and by a player of theWanwanqin(a bowl-shaped plucked instrument),Erhu(a two-stringed bowed instrument) orXiaohuqin(a small stringed instrument) on the right. The performances tend to take place in teahouses and theaters.

Cheng Yongling in a performance of Sichuan Qingyin

There are also itinerant singers who offer performances in the street or in hotel lobbies, especially after the mid-Qing Dynasty. Amateurs calling themselves "friends ofQingyin" became a common sight, singing arias and playing thePipaorYueqin. Some achieved considerable success with high levels of attainment. Organizations of amateurs promoted the development of the SichuanQuyiin no small measure. In the 1950s and 1960s, the sitting posture was replaced by a standing posture. The singers who performed in theaters, beat their own drums, made of bamboo and snake skin, or shook wooden clappers accompanied by small bands of musicians playing such instruments asPipa(lute), Gaohu, Erhu(a two-stringed bowed instrument), andZhonghu. The musicians played minor roles and joined in the choruses. There is an extensive repertoire of traditional themes in SichuanQingyin, includingZhaojun Crosses the Frontier, The Nun Leaves Her Mountain Convent, The Broken Bridge, Daiyu Burns Her PoemsandFlying Kites. Contemporary themes are also prominent, in such items asThe Cuckoo SingsandOn the Sixth Day of the Sixth Month.