Ⅱ. Papercuts of the Fengning Manchu Minority

Declarer：Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, Hebei Province

Fengning County is hidden in the depths of the Yanshan Mountains in northern Hebei Province. The papercuts in Fengning originated in theQing Dynasty(1644-1911), mainly featuring auspicious patterns, flowers and birds, landscapes, human figures, and daily utensils.

Ⅲ. Zhongyang Papercuts

Declarer：Zhongyang County, Shanxi Province

Zhongyang County is located in the middle reaches of theYellow River. The papercuts in this area are still primitively simplistic and have a unique local flavor. The subject matter ranges from customs and religion to seasonal landscapes, life rituals, and legendary stories. The papercuts are primarily made by local village women.

Ⅳ. Manchu Papercuts in Yiwu Lushan

Declarer：Jinzhou City,Liaoning Province

Manchu Papercuts of Yiwu Lushan reflect the primitive worship of natural gods, ancestral gods and phallism, as well as the folk customs of theManchu ethnic minority. The art features simplicity, sententiousness, and primitivism.

Ⅴ.YangzhouPapercuts

Declarer：Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province

During theTang Dynasty(618-907), Yangzhou people had a custom of welcoming theSpring Festivalby making papercuts. On the day of Spring Beginning, people would cut paper into floral, spring butterfly, spring coin and spring handkerchief patterns. There are also other purposes for papercuts. The cut paper characters, horses and coins, are used to sacrifice ghosts and gods.