In 2003, China embarked on a new rural cooperative medical care system. Based on major illness health insurance coverage, the system is based on a payment plan by the individual, financial support from the collective, and subsidies from the government. If farmer who has joined the scheme is hospitalized, incurred costs can be reimbursed according on a sliding scale. This medical care system is expected to cover the whole country in 2010. Meanwhile, China has implemented a medical-aid system for rural areas offering medical aid to poor farmers who are seriously ill. A standardized rural medical-aid system had been established throughout the country by the end of 2005. The fund, with special allocations from various levels of government with donations from people from all walks of life, will be used exclusively for medical aid.