In order to safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, the COC and the sports associations affiliated to it could not but withdraw from 15 corresponding international organizations one after another during June-August 1958, announcing that they would have nothing to do with these international organizations before they had corrected their mistakes.
After this, the Chinese athletes were barred from international sports activities by these organizations whose constitutions provide that any of their members competing with non-members will be punished. Many athletes kept up their contact with their Chinese counterparts in spite of the threats. Some were sanctioned, arousing great indignation among the sports circles, especially in the Third World.
In order to break the blockade, China adopted a tit-for-tat policy by, so to speak, "setting up a separate kitchen" or "putting on a rival show."
In the summer of 1962, Indonesia, the host country of the Fourth Asian Games, refused to invite Taiwan under the name of "Republic of China." Some international sports organizations decided not to recognize the Games, withdraw their recognition of the Indonesian NOC and forbade Indonesia indefinitely to participate in Olympic Games. In response to all this, President Sukarno (1901-1970) of Indonesia proposed to hold the Games of New Emerging Forces (GANEFO). It took place in Jakarta in September 1963, with the participation of 2,404 athletes from 48 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe. China sent her largest delegation in history. A number of world records were broken in athletics, weightlifting and archery. In November 1966 an Asian GANEFO was staged in Phnom Penh. In addition, some GANEFO tournaments in individual sports were held in China.
Notwithstanding its discontinuation owing to changes in the international political situation, the GANEFO displayed the growing unity of the Third World in the Olympic Movement.
Another "separate kitchen" was built in the table tennis world in 1972. During the "culture revolution" (1966-1976), China did not participate in the 29th and 30th World Table Tennis Championships. Her seat in the Asian Table Tennis Federation was occupied by Taiwan. In 1972, with the backing of the associations of China, Japan and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, a new organization called "Asian Table Tennis Union " was founded in place of the Asian Table Tennis Federation, with China's rightful status reinstated, thus marking another victory in the struggle against the "two Chinas" plot.
(COC)
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