The Zhaoling Mausoleum is located on
the top of Jiujun Mountain, about 23 km northeast of Liquan County in Shaanxi
Province.
The Zhaoling Mausoleum is the mausoleum of
Emperor Taizong (Li Shimin)(r.599-649)in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). According to Old History of the Tang Dynasty - the Biography of Emperor
Taizong, the mausoleum, which was built to bury
Empress Zhangsun, was first built in the 10th year (636) of the
Zhenguan reign, and completed by the 23rd year of the Zhenguan reign when Li
Shimin was buried. The cultural relics management committee of Shanxi Province
embarked on archaeological research and surveying of the mausoleum from 1962 to
1979.
The mausoleum was chiseled in the mountain
that is 1,188 meters above sea level, and leans against the highest peak of
Jiujun Mountain. The mausoleum area, the grave and the satellite tombs
constitute the most typical architecture group of the mausoleum. The vast
mausoleum is 12 km in length and 10 km in width; and there are pines and
cypresses around it. Most of the ground construction collapsed and can be hardly
seen. The watchtower and the Xian Hall of the Zhuque Gate on the south side, the
Xuanwu Gate in the north, and the wall base of the sacrificial altar are still
vaguely visible. A piece of ornament of roof ridges was once unearthed at the
site of the Xian Hall, and it is 1.5 meters in height, 0.65 meters in width, and
the bottom is 1 meters in length. From this we can see the grandness and the
spectacularity of the original Xian Hall.
The stone statues of 14 kings are preserved
in the sacrificial altar of the mausoleum. Besides, there were the world-famous
basso-relievos of 6 coursers, but they were destroyed in 1914. Two of them were
shipped in secret to the museum of the University of Pennsylvania in
Philadelphia, US, while the other four had been repaired and displayed in Shanxi
Province. These stone carvings fully manifested the art style of the paintings
and stone carvings in the early Tang Dynasty.
In the
mausoleum there are over 200 satellite tombs. Owners of 167 tombs have been
identified. In the excavation in 1964, 13 large tombs were excavated, and 56
inscriptions on the memorial tablets and gravestones were found. The
inscriptions on the tablet tell us that all of them were tombs of kings,
princesses and famous ministers, such as Zheng Rentai, junior officer Chi Jingde
and princess Linchuan. Various kinds of stone statues are preserved in front of
many tombs today. In 1979, a museum was established at the site of the Zhaoling
Mausoleum and many related cultural relics were on display in it for
tourists.