The Yangtze River (Changjiang), over 6,300
kilometers long, is the largest and longest river in China, and the
third-longest in the world, next only to the Nile in northeast Africa and the
Amazon in South America. The source of the Yangtze River lies to the west of
Geladandong Mountain, the principal peak of the Tanggula Mountain chain in the
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, southwest of China. The river flows from west to east
through provinces of Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan,
Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu as well as the city of Shanghai, finally emptying
into the East China Sea. With plenty of rainfall all year round, the Yangtze
River is named the golden watercourse.
The most impressive section of the river is
the three Yangtze River gorges: Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge,
collectively known as Sanxia, or the Three Gorges.
Qutang
Gorge
Qutang Gorge runs eight kilometers
from Baidicheng in Fengjie County in the west to Daxizhen in Wushan County,
Chongqng City. The shortest among the Three Gorges, it is the most spectacular.
As soon as the roaring Yangtze River rushes into the gorge, it meets head-on
with the imposing Kuimen Gate. Rocky mountains rise perpendicularly like walls
on both sides of the river squeezing the broad river into a narrow ribbon
threading its way in the gorge. Here the width of the river is reduced to
100-200 meters and the narrowest places are no more than a few dozen meters
while the principal peaks on the banks are as high as 1,000-1,500 meters. The
turbulent waters flowing in the deep gorge along a continuous line of peaks make
a most magnificent picture.
There are many historical sites in Qutang
Gorge. On a hilltop on the north bank are the town of Baidicheng, boasting many
rare historical relics. On the south bank are the Whitewashed Wall covered with
carved inscriptions, the legendary Meng Liang's Ladder, the Upside Down Monk,
Armour Cave and the sweet-tasting Phoenix-Drinking Fountain in a deep cave. Also
on the south bank, not far downstream, is a very strange-looking peak standing
by the river; it is called the Rhinoceros Watching the Moon because it looks
like a rhinoceros.
Wuxia Gorge
When the river flows out of Qutang
Gorge and passes the broad valley of the Daning River, it enters the scenic Wuxia
Gorge. Wuxia Gorge is 45 kilometers long, extending west to east from the mouth
of the Danning River in Wushan County to Guandukou in Badong County, Hubei
Province.
Noted for its deep and serene scenes, Wuxia
Gorge is full of zigzag, weird peaks, rising mists and beautiful sights. The
famous Twelve Peaks on both banks of the river, in particular, are the most
spectacular. These strange-looking peaks are like a fairy maid dancing.
Wushan, Badong and Zigui are famous towns in
the gorge. There are many famous historic sites too. The town of Zigui is
attracting a large number of tourists because it is the native place of the
great ancient poet Qu Yuan and the famous beautiful woman Wang
Zhaojun.
The Daning River at the western entrance to
Wuxia Gorge is flanked by continuous strange peaks, including Longmen, Bawu and
Dicui, some of them rising into the clouds and presenting an unusual spectacle.
The section of the river becomes known as the Minor Three Gorges.
Xiling
Gorge
The longest among the Yangtze Gorges,
Xiling Gorge stretches west to east for 76 kilometers from the mouth of the
Xiangxi River at Zigui in Hubei Province to Nanjing Pass near the city of
Yichang in Hubei. It is divided into two sections -- the west section consists
of the Military Book and Sword Gorge, the Bull's Liver and Horse's Lung Gorge
and Kongling Play Gorge, while the east section features the Shadow Play Gorge
and the Yellow Cat Gorge, otherwise known as Yichang Gorge. Along this gorge sit
many archeological sites, including the Huangling Temple, first built during the
Three Kingdoms Period (220-280). In addition, the Three Visitors' Cave and the
Luyou Fountain all have their unique features.
Xiling Gorge is known for dangerous rapids
and numerous shoals, the latter including the Qingtan, Kongling and Xietan
shoals. These shoals were formed out of fallen and rock from banks, boulders and
sands washed down from the upper reaches, veins protruding from the riverbanks,
or reefs jutting out of the riverbed. At some points there are treacherous
whirlpools and the waters are extraordinarily turbulent.
The Yangtze River Valley abounds in natural
resources, for instance, mountains like Lingyun, Emei, Qingcheng, Hengshan, Shen
Nongjia, Wudang, Lushan, Jinggang, Jiuhua, Huangshan and Mogan, rivers like
Minjiang, Jialing, Daning, Qingjiang, Xiangjiang, the Grand Canal, and lakes
like Dianchi, Dongting, Honghu, Poyang and Taihu, etc.