Group sites of the Neolithic Age
Location: Yuhang
County, Zhejiang Province
Period: 3,300-2000 BC
Excavated from 1936 to the
present
Significance: The find is of significant
academic value to the study of the origin of civilization in the lower reaches
of the Yangtze River.
Introduction
The Liangzhu Culture, with an area of about
34 square kilometers, is a late Neolithic (Chalcolithic) Culture located in
Southeast China. It has over 50
excavated sites, the most famous of which are Yaoshan Altar, Mojiaoshan Earth
Pyramid, ect.
|
Cong, a jade cuboid with a hole in the middle: ritual
object (up, height 4.5 cm); Cong, a jade cuboid with a hole in the middle:
ritual object (bottom, height 10 cm) |
The most remarkable
part of the Liangzhu culture is their large number of high-quality green
jade artifacts, and their religious importance. Many other cultures contemporary with the Liangzhu
Culture also had jades, but none could compare to those of the Liangzhu Culture.
There were two kinds of jades that were prominent for their ritual use during
this time. These are called bi and cong jade. The bi is a
circular ring used to worship heaven, and the cong is an elongated square
tube used to worship earth. Over 5,000 jade articles have been collected so far.
The discovery of these relics shows that the Group Sites of the Liangzhu Culture
is one of the cradles of the Chinese civilization.
Liangzhu Culture
Well-known for its high quality and a number
of jade artifacts, the Liangzhu Culture succeeded the Majiabang Culture and
later became part of the Shang Dynasty. The Liangzhu Culture is roughly
contemporary with the Longshan and Hongshan cultures to the north.
Liangzhu Culture, growing keng rice and
making black-based and black-burnished pottery, represents the earliest
Chalcolithic Culture in southeast China. They also left significant evidence to reveal some of their social
practices. The evidence shows a pronounced social structure, a reckless
consumption labor, extensive human sacrifice, and the iconography of
power.