In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a prevalent pestilence claimed the lives of thousands. According to records, from the first year of the Jian'an reign (196), two thirds of people died of infectious diseases in just one decade, of which febrile diseases caused by cold accounted for 70%.

Zhang Zhongjing diligently learned from the book Internal Canon of Medicine,and collected prescriptions extensively. As a result, he wrote the monumental work, Treatise on Febrile Diseases Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases. The principle of treatment according to syndrome differentiation established in the book is the basic rule of clinical medicine of China, and the soul of traditional Chinese medicine. In the study of prescriptions,Treatise on Febrile Diseases Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases made a great contribution, too: it has created numerous types of recipes, and recorded many effective recipes. The principle of treatment according to the six channels, established in the book,has been highly regarded by doctors of all ages. It is the first monographic medicine works in China that established the principle of treatment according to syndrome differentiation from theory to practice. It is one of the most influential works in the history of Chinese medicine. Thus, it has become a fundamental textbook for medical study in later generations, and been highly valued by both medical students and clinical doctors.

There is such a paragraph in the book that reads, "In terms of the high level, medicine is for curing nobles of their diseases; in terms of the lower level, it is used to save the poor from disaster; in terms of the middle level, it is used to keep us in good health." This shows the kind-heartedness of Zhongjing as a great doctor, so later generations grant him the honorific title: "Saint in Medicine".