When the emperors Wen and Jing in the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-8AD) came into power, they went on with more moderate and humane policies carried by Emperor Gaozu. Historical records show that during their reigns the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) prospered. Untroubled by wars or natural disasters, people lived in peace. This resulted in an increase in population and the development of manufacturing industries and commerce.

The emperor Wen attached much importance to agriculture and economy. He encouraged agricultural output by further reducing taxes and asked people to grow mulberry and raise silkworms. Meanwhile, Wen introduced the reform of punishment and abolished many cruel penalties. In the 23 years of his reign, there was no reconstruction of the palace and his carriages remained the same. According to the historical records, the food supply was so ample that much got perished in the barns.

Another important factor that contributed to the prosperity of Han was that Wen & Jing endeavored to maintain a friendly relationship with Han and neighboring countries.