Formal imperial examinations consisted of
three levels: provincial, metropolitan and final imperial
examination.
The provincial examination was held
triennially at the provincial city. Those admitted were called Juren
(elevated men). The first place is called Jieyuan, the second,
Yayuan.
The metropolitan examination was held in the
following spring after the provincial examination at the Ministry of Rites in
the capital. Those admitted were called Gongshi and the first place,
Huiyuan.
The final imperial examination was under direct
supervision of the emperor of the dynasty. Only Gongshi were
qualified to take the exam. The matriculation had three levels of excellence.
The first level was granted to three candidates, conferred Jinshi. The
first three names set apart. The candidate ranking first was called
Zhuangyuan (primus), the second, Bangyan, the third,
Tanhua.
The second level was conferred the
Jinshi status, the first place called Chuanlu. The third level was
conferred the Jinshi status alike.